Financial Statements

Accountable Officer’s, Chairperson’s and Chief Financial Officer’s declaration

The attached financial statements for the North East Link State Tolling Corporation have been prepared in accordance with Standing Direction 5.2 of the Minister for Finance under the Financial Management Act 1994 , applicable Financial Reporting Directions, Australian Accounting Standards, including interpretations, and other mandatory professional reporting requirements.

We further state that, in our opinion, the information set out in the comprehensive operating statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, statement of changes in equity, and accompanying notes, presents fairly the financial transactions during the year ended 30 June 2025 and financial position of the North East Link State Tolling Corporation at 30 June 2025.

At the time of signing, we are not aware of any circumstance which would render any particulars included in the financial statements to be misleading or inaccurate.

We authorise the attached financial statements for issue on 10 September 2025.

An Nguyen
Chief Executive Officer
North East Link
State Tolling Corporation
10 September 2025

Brad Vann
Chair
North East Link
State Tolling Corporation
10 September 2025

Anthony Wicking
Chief Financial Officer
North East Link
State Tolling Corporation
10 September 2025

Independent Auditor’s Report

Independent Auditor’s Report

To the Board of Directors of North East Link State Tolling Corporation

Opinion

I have audited the financial report of North East Link State Tolling Corporation (the corporation) which comprises the:

• balance sheet as at 30 June 2025
• comprehensive operating statement for the year then ended
• statement of changes in equity for the year then ended
• cash flow statement for the year then ended
• notes to the financial statements, including material accounting policy information
• accountable officer's, chairperson's and chief financial officer’s declaration.

In my opinion, the financial report presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the corporation as at 30 June 2025 and its financial performance and cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with the financial reporting requirements of Part 7 of the Financial Management Act 1994 and applicable Australian Accounting Standards.

Basis for Opinion

I have conducted my audit in accordance with the Audit Act 1994 which incorporates the Australian Auditing Standards. I further describe my responsibilities under that Act and those standards in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Report section of my report.

My independence is established by the Constitution Act 1975. My staff and I are independent of the corporation in accordance with the ethical requirements of the Accounting Professional and Ethical Standards Board’s APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence Standards) (the Code) that are relevant to my audit of the financial report in Victoria. My staff and I have also fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the Code.

I believe that the audit evidence I have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for my opinion.

Other information

The Board of Directors is responsible for the “other information” included in the corporation’s Annual Report for the year ended 30 June 2025. The other information in the Annual Report does not include the financial report and my auditor’s report thereon. My opinion on the financial report does not cover the other information included in the Annual Report. Accordingly, I do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial report, our responsibility is to read the other information when it becomes available and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial report or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based on the work I have performed, I conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, I am required to report that fact. I have nothing to report in this regard.

Board of Directors' responsibilities for the financial report

The Board of Directors of the corporation is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial report in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards and the Financial Management Act 1994, and for such internal control as the Board of Directors determines is necessary to enable the preparation and fair presentation of a financial report that is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial report, the Board of Directors is responsible for assessing the corporation’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless it is inappropriate to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial report

As required by the Audit Act 1994,my responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial report based on the audit. My objectives for the audit are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial report as a whole is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes my opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with the Australian Auditing Standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of this financial report.

As part of an audit in accordance with the Australian Auditing Standards, I exercise professional judgement and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. I also:

• identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial report, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for my opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the corporation’s internal control
• evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the Board of Directors
• conclude on the appropriateness of the Board of Directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the corporation’s ability to continue as a going concern. If I conclude that a material uncertainty exists, I am required to draw attention in my auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial report or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify my opinion. My conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of my auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the corporation to cease to continue as a going concern.
• evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial report, including the disclosures, and whether the financial report represents the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

I communicate with the Board of Directors regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that I identify during my audit.

MELBOURNE
11 September 2025

Paul Martin
as delegate for the Auditor-General of Victoria

Comprehensive operating statement

For the year ended 30 June 2025

The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.

Balance sheet

As as 30 June 2025

The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.

Cash flow statement

For the year ended 30 June 2025

The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements

Statement of changes in equity

For the year ended 30 June 2025

The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.

Notes to the financial statements

01 About this Report

The North East Link State Tolling Corporation (STC) is a public entity but does not represent the Crown.

Its principal address is:

Level 8, 80 Collins Street (North Tower), Melbourne VIC 3000

ABN: 86 585 150 837

Basis of preparation

These financial statements are in Australian dollars, and the historical cost convention is used unless a different measurement basis is specifically disclosed in the note associated with the item measured on a different basis.

The accrual basis of accounting has been applied in preparing these financial statements, whereby assets, liabilities, equity, income and expenses are recognised in the reporting period to which they relate, regardless of when cash is received or paid.

Consistent with the requirements of AASB 1004 Contributions, contributions by owners (that is, contributed capital and its repayment) are treated as equity transactions and, therefore, do not form part of the income and expenses of STC.

Additions to net assets which have been designated as contributions by owners are recognised as contributed capital. Other transfers that are in the nature of contributions to or distributions by owners have also been designated as contributions by owners.

Judgements, estimates and assumptions are required to be made about financial information being presented. The significant judgements made in the preparation of these financial statements are disclosed in the notes where amounts affected by those judgements are disclosed. Estimates and associated assumptions are based on professional judgements derived from historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised and also in future periods that are affected by the revision.

These financial statements cover STC as an individual reporting entity. STC is a for-profit organisation. All amounts in the financial statements have been rounded to the nearest $1,000 unless otherwise stated.

Going Concern

STC is operating on a going concern basis. The Primary Package of the North East Link project will be delivered as an Availability Public-Private Partnership (PPP) under an Incentivised Target Cost (ITC) model with STC as the asset owner, assuming all payment obligations under the contract, and Major Road Projects Victoria (MRPV), a division of the Victorian Infrastructure Delivery Authority (VIDA) (an administrative office in relation to the Department of Transport and Planning (DTP)), acting as STC’s agent, being the delivery agency. As part of this arrangement, the Treasurer provided a guarantee to the PPP contractor (Project Co) for all STC’s financial obligations to Project Co in relation to the delivery and operation of the Central Package of the North East Link.

Compliance information

These general-purpose financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Financial Management Act 1994 (Vic) (FMA) and applicable Australian Accounting Standards (AASs), which include Interpretations issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB). In particular, they are presented in a manner consistent with the requirements of AASB 1049 Whole of Government and General Government Sector Financial Reporting. Accounting policies selected and applied in these financial statements ensure that the resulting financial information satisfies the concepts of relevance and reliability, thereby ensuring that the substance of the underlying transactions or other events is reported.

Details of the material accounting policy information are disclosed in the applicable notes in the financial statements

02 The cost of delivering services

This section provides an account of the expenses incurred by STC in delivering services.

2.1 Employee benefit expenses in the comprehensive operating statement

Employee expenses include all costs related to employment including wages and salaries, fringe benefits tax, leave entitlements, termination payments and WorkCover premiums. As STC is an establishing organisation, employee costs have risen in line with STC’s growing workforce and the enhanced skill sets required to support STC’s development.

The amount recognised in the comprehensive operating statement in relation to superannuation is employer contributions for members of both defined benefit and defined contribution superannuation plans that are paid or payable during the reporting period. STC does not recognise any defined benefit liabilities because it has no legal or constructive obligation to pay future benefits relating to its employees.

Instead, the Department of Treasury and Finance (DTF) discloses in its annual financial statements the net defined benefit cost related to the members of these plans as an administered liability (on behalf of the Victorian Government as the sponsoring employer).

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated before normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts an offer of benefits in exchange for the termination of employment or expiry of the contract.

2.2 Employee benefits in the balance sheet

Provision is made for benefits accruing to employees in respect of salaries and wages, annual leave and long service leave for services rendered to the reporting date.

(a) Nominal amounts are disclosed.
(b) The amounts disclosed are discounted to present value.

In prior years, STC engaged DTP to manage all aspects of resource engagements, encompassing both directly employed and seconded staff. Effective 1 December 2024, STC assumed full responsibility for these functions. As a result, STC now recognises and administers all employee benefit provisions for its workforce directly, rather than held by DTP.

Liabilities for salaries and wages and annual leave are all recognised in the provision for employee benefits as current liabilities, as STC does not have an unconditional right to defer settlements of these liabilities.

Depending on the expectation of the timing of settlement, liabilities for salaries and wages and annual leave are measured at nominal value if STC expects to wholly settle within 12 months or present value if STC does not expect to wholly settle within 12 months.

Unconditional long service leave (LSL) is disclosed as a current liability even where STC does not expect to settle the liability within 12 months, because it will not have an unconditional right to defer the settlement of the entitlement should an employee take leave within 12 months.

The components of this current LSL liability are measured at:

• undiscounted value if STC expects to wholly settle within 12 months, or
• present value if STC does not expect to wholly settle within 12 months.

Conditional LSL is disclosed as a non-current liability. There is a conditional right to defer the settlement of the entitlement until the employee has completed the requisite years of service. This non-current LSL liability is measured at present value.

Any gain or loss following revaluation of the present value of non-current LSL liability is recognised as a transaction, except to the extent that a gain or loss arises due to changes in bond interest rates for which it is then recognised as an 'other economic flow' in the net result.

2.3 Other operating expenses

Other operating expenses generally represent the day-to-day running costs incurred in normal operations. Supplies and services are recognised as an expense in the reporting period in which they are incurred. Professional services relate to those services provided by professional service firms.

03 Key assets available to support service delivery

STC controls infrastructure and other investments that are utilised in fulfilling its objectives and conducting its activities. They represent the resources that have been entrusted to STC for delivery of those services.

3.1 Property, plant and equipment (including Right-of-Use (RoU))

Non-financial physical assets excluding RoU and SCA road assets - Initial recognition

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured initially at cost and subsequently revalued at fair value less accumulated depreciation and impairment.

The cost of constructed non-financial physical assets includes the cost of all materials used in construction, direct labour on the project and an appropriate proportion of variable and fixed overheads.

The cost of a leasehold improvement is capitalised and depreciated over the shorter of the remaining term of the lease or their estimated useful lives.

Right-of-use asset acquired by lessees – Initial measurement

STC recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for:

• any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentive received;
• any initial direct costs incurred; and
• an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located

Service concession assets (Under AASB 1059 – Service Concession Arrangements: Grantors) - Initial measurement

A service concession asset (SCA) under AASB 1059 Service Concession Assets: Grantors (AASB 1059) is an asset to which a private operator has right of access to provide public services on behalf of the Grantor (STC) in a service concession arrangement.

STC initially recognises a SCA at the commencement of construction at current replacement cost (CRC), calculated in accordance with the 'cost approach' to fair value measurement. The CRC reflects the amount that would be required currently to replace the service capacity of the asset. The assets recognised at the commencement of construction are reported as assets under construction until the project reaches commercial acceptance.

The CRC for the SCA includes the costs that are directly attributable to the design and construction of the SCA by the operator. AASB 116 Property, Plant and Equipment (AASB 116) is applied, which provides guidance on the elements of costs including: the purchase price and costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to its location or condition necessary.

Fair value proxy for SCA construction in progress (significant judgement)

The financing cost to STC implied in the SCA contract during the construction of an SCA is used as a proxy of the financing cost incurred by the private sector constructing the asset. This financing cost is capitalised as part of the asset with the aim of achieving representation of the CRC.

Right-of-use asset – Subsequent measurement

STC depreciates the right-of-use assets on a straight-line basis from the lease commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. Typical estimated useful life is 5 years for the leased buildings and 3 years for leased vehicles. The right-of use assets are also subject to revaluation.

In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

Impairment of property, plant and equipment

Non-financial assets, including items of property, plant and equipment, are tested for impairment whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.

For disclosures in connection with fair value determination for non-financial physical assets refer to Note 7.2.

3.1.2 Depreciation and amortisation

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis, at rates that allocate the asset’s value, less any estimated residual value, over its estimated useful life. Typical estimated useful lives for Buildings, Plant and Equipment range from 5 to 10 years.

Right-of-Use (RoU) assets are generally depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term (3 to 5 years). Where STC obtains ownership of the underlying leased asset or if the cost of the RoU asset reflects that STC will exercise a purchase option, STC depreciates the RoU asset over its useful life.

Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lease term and their useful life (5 years).

The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each annual reporting period, and adjustments made where appropriate

04. Other Assets and Liabilities Introduction

This section sets out those assets and liabilities that arose from STC’s operations.

4.1 Receivables

Statutory receivables do not arise from contracts and are recognised and measured similarly to contractual receivables (except for impairment) but are not classified as financial instruments for disclosure purposes. STC applies AASB 9 Financial Instruments for initial measurement of the statutory receivables and, as a result, statutory receivables are initially recognised at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction cost.

All receivables are due within 30 days.

4.2 Payables

Contractual payables: Are classified as financial instruments and measured at amortised cost. Accounts payable represent liabilities for goods and services provided to STC prior to the end of the financial year that are unpaid.

Payables for supplies and services are due within an average credit period of 30 days.

4.3 Other Provisions

Other provisions are recognised when STC has a present obligation, the future sacrifice of economic benefits is probable, and the amount of the provision can be measured reliably. The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at reporting date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

Where a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows, using a discount rate that reflects the time value of money and risks specific to the provision.

Key Results Area (KRA) is a performance regime to monitor and measure the Project Co’s performance in relation to specified Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The provision recognised is in relation to anticipated payments to Project Co in lieu of achieving the predetermined project KPIs.

These provisions represent 50 per cent of the total KRA achieved and mature on commercial acceptance as part of an acquittal process.

Reconciliation of movements in other provisions

05 Financing operations

Introduction

This section provides information on the sources of finance utilised by STC during its operations, along with interest expenses (the cost of borrowings) and other information related to financing activities of STC.

5.1 Borrowings

Notes:
(a) Secured by the assets leased. Leases are effectively secured as the rights to the leased assets revert to the lessor in the event of default.

‘Borrowings’ refer to interest-bearing state loan, lease liabilities, and service concession arrangement liabilities.

The State loan is provided by the Minister for Transport Infrastructure for and on behalf of the Crown in right of the State of Victoria and has a term of 39 years following Financial Close of the Central Package PPP on 27 October 2021. The loan is subject to a fixed interest of 4.25 per cent per annum.

Borrowings are classified as financial instruments. Interest bearing liabilities are recognised at amortised cost unless STC elects to irrevocably designate them at fair value through profit or loss at initial recognition. The election depends on the nature and purpose of the interest-bearing liabilities.

All interest-bearing borrowings are initially recognised at the fair value of the consideration received less directly attributable transaction costs and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

The service concession financial liability (SCL) relates to the service concession arrangements recognised when applying AASB 1059 Service Concession Arrangements: Grantors. Interest is charged on the liability and capitalised within road assets. The SCL is reduced over the term of the arrangement through cash payments to the operator.

The lease liabilities relate to the lease of office premise and vehicles. Non-lease component has not been included in the determination of lease liabilities.

Defaults and breaches: During the current year, there were no defaults and breaches of any of the loans.

Service concession arrangement liability

As outlined in Note 3.1 Property, plant and equipment – road assets, the accumulation of costs incurred during construction, results in a progressive build-up of the service concession asset (SCA). A corresponding liability is progressively recognised in line with the fair value of the SCA. The nature of the liability and the subsequent accounting depends on the consideration exchanged in reference to the contract arrangements between STC (on behalf of the Victorian Government) and the operator.

Initial recognition

STC recognises a service concession liability (SCL) commensurate with the SCA, adjusted by the amount of any other consideration from STC to the operator, or from the operator to STC. Therefore, any Victorian Government contributions made prior to the recognition of the liability will reduce this amount.

Subsequent measurement

After initial recognition, STC will determine if the liability represents a financial liability. Where STC has a contractual obligation to pay the operator for providing the SCA, it is measured as a liability in accordance with AASB 9 Financial Instruments. The liability will be increased by interest charges, based on the interest rate implicit in the arrangement. Where the interest rate is not specified in the arrangement, the prevailing market rate of interest for a similar instrument with similar credit ratings is used. Subsequently, the liability will also be reduced by any payments made by the Victorian Government to the operator if required by the contract.

STC has determined that the SCL represents a financial liability.

5.1.1 Maturity analysis of borrowing

5.1.2 Interest capitalised

Interest capitalised includes costs incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds and includes interest on the State loan and the service concession financial liability. Interest capitalised is recognised in the period in which it is incurred and is capitalised to the SCA - road assets.

5.1.3 Leases

STC leasing activity

STC leases an office premise and vehicles. The lease contracts are typically made for fixed periods of 1-5 years with an option to renew the lease after that date. There is no option to renew the lease after the expiry date. Lease payments for the office premise follow fixed escalations per annum of 3.5% for 5 years.

Non-lease components have not been considered for the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for the office premise lease. STC received a lease incentive of $567,000 as full cash payment at commencement of the lease.

5.2 Cash flow information

Cash and deposits, including cash equivalents, comprise cash on hand and cash at bank, deposits at call and those highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less that are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments rather than for investment purposes, and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For cash flow statement presentation purposes, cash and cash equivalents include cash held in bank.

5.3 Commitments for expenditure

Commitments for future expenditure include operating and capital commitments arising from contracts. These commitments are recorded below at their nominal value and inclusive of Goods and Services Tax (GST). Where it is considered appropriate and provides additional relevant information to users, the net present values of significant individual projects are stated. These future expenditures cease to be disclosed as commitments once the related liabilities are recognised in the balance sheet

Service concession arrangements (SCA)

Uncommissioned SCAs: The commitments include the capital component not yet recognised on the balance sheet (i.e. the amount relating to the asset which hasn’t been constructed as yet), STC’s future capital contributions as well as the operating and maintenance commitments for the SCA contract.

STC has entered into arrangements with an operator which give the operator (Project Co) the rights to provide public services to users for a specified ‘concession period’ using the relevant SCAs.

The operator, based on the terms and conditions specified in the agreements, is:

• responsible for the design, construction, partial financing, operation and maintenance of the SCA during the concession period; and
• subject to KPIs and/or annual works programs which ensure a level of service delivery for users. The operator has the opportunity to rectify any performance issues where relevant.

STC has the contractual obligation to provide the operator access to the SCA for the performance of the required services.

STC has control over the services the operator provides with the SCA over the concession period. It is responsible for monitoring that the services are performed to specified standards (i.e. frequency, quality, etc.) and other contractual obligations are met. STC will intervene as required to ensure safety for users of the assets as appropriate and to protect public interest.

At the end of the concession period, the rights and obligations provided to the operator during the concession period cease, and the SCA will be returned to STC.

Terminations are subject to standard commercial practices or under specified circumstances.

STC has recognised these arrangements in accordance with AASB 1059.

Financial liabilities SCA

A financial liability is recognised where STC has a contractual obligation to pay the operator under the service concession arrangement for the provision of SCAs and/or services. It is recognised as a borrowing (Note 5.1). The liability is increased by interest charges (Note 5.1.2), based on the interest rate implicit in the arrangement. The liability is reduced by any payments made by STC to the operator as required by the contract.

These payments take the form of capital contributions, usually during the construction phase of the SCA and other periodic payments during the operation phase of the SCA (referred to as ‘Service Payments’). The periodic payments compensate the operator for delivery of services that are subject to the operator meeting KPIs. Service payments may be quarterly (QSP) or other periodic intervals. These payments comprise a capital component associated with the design, construction and financing of the SCA, and components relating to ongoing operation, maintenance and other costs. Payments may be impacted by failure to meet KPIs.

The following material uncommissioned SCA’s existed at 30 June 2025. Unless noted in the arrangement specific disclosures below, no material changes have occurred during the year:

Notes:
i. The discounted values of the 'expected liability at commission' for uncommissioned arrangements have been discounted to the expected dates of commissioning to reflect the liability balance at practical completion of the projects.
ii. Other commitments relate to operating and maintenance and lifecycle costs and have been discounted to 30 June 2025 and 30 June 2024.
iii. STC has applied the STC borrowing rate in the present value calculation of other commitments for all service concession arrangements.
iv.Commitments nominal value includes the capital portion of the SCL that has been reported on the balance sheet.

Arrangement specific details

Operator: Spark North East Link Pty Ltd as trustee of the Spark North East Link Trust

Concession period: 25 years

Operational funding: Monthly Service Payments

On 28 October 2021, the Victorian Government and STC entered into a PPP (Project Deed) with Spark North East Link Pty Ltd (Project Co or Spark) to deliver the North East Link Central Package.

The Central Package was procured and is being delivered as an ‘availability-based’ PPP with an ITC regime that applies in respect of costs incurred during the design and construction phase of the Central Package.

STC’s monthly payments to Project Co for the delivery of operating and maintenance services are subject to the terms and conditions of the Project Deed.

06 Risks

Introduction

STC is exposed to risk from its activities and outside factors. In addition, it is often necessary to make judgements and estimates associated with recognition and measurement of items in the financial statements. This section sets out financial instrument specific information, (including exposures to financial risks) as well as those items that are contingent in nature or require a higher level of judgement to be applied, which for STC related mainly to fair value determination.

6.1 Financial instruments specific disclosures

Introduction

Financial instruments arise out of contractual agreements that give rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Due to the nature of STC’s activities, certain financial assets and financial liabilities arise under statute rather than a contract (for example taxes, fines, and penalties). Such assets and liabilities do not meet the definition of financial instruments in AASB 132 Financial Instruments: Presentation.

Categories of financial assets

Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial assets are measured at amortised cost if both of the following criteria are met, and the assets are not designated as fair value through net result:

• the assets are held by STC to collect the contractual cash flows; and
• the assets’ contractual terms give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest.

These assets are initially recognised at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method less any impairment.

STC recognises the following assets in this category:

• receivables (excluding statutory receivables); and
• cash and deposits.

Categories of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Financial liabilities are initially recognised on the date they are originated. They are initially measured at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, these financial instruments are measured at amortised cost with any difference between the initial recognised amount and the redemption value being recognised in profit and loss over the period of the interest-bearing liability, using the effective interest rate method. STC recognises the following liabilities in this category:

• payables;
• service concession financial liability;
• state loan; and
• lease liabilities.

Financial risk management objectives and policies

As a whole, STC’s financial risk management program seeks to manage risks and the associated volatility of its financial performance.

Details of the material accounting policy information and methods adopted, including the criteria for recognition, the basis of measurement, and the basis on which income and expenses are recognised, with respect to each material class of financial asset, financial liability, and equity instrument above are disclosed in the applicable notes in the financial statements.

The main purpose in holding financial instruments is to prudentially manage STC’s financial risks within the government policy parameters.

Whilst STC recognises its current risks including credit risk, liquidity risk and interest rate risk, STC is not exposed to these due to its existing financial arrangements. Should they arise, risk management procedures in line with governance requirements are outlined in STC’s Treasury Management Policy.

STC uses different methods to identify, measure and manage the different risks to which it is exposed. The primary responsibility for the identification and management of financial risks rests with the CEO of STC.

07 Fair value determination

This section sets out information on how STC determined fair value for financial reporting purposes. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The following assets are carried at fair value:

• Right-of-Use vehicles;
• Right-of-Use building;
• Leasehold improvements; and
• Plant, and equipment.

In addition, the fair values of other assets and liabilities that are carried at amortised cost, also need to be determined for disclosure purposes.

STC determines the policies and procedures for determining fair values for both financial and non financial assets and liabilities as required.

Fair value hierarchy

In determining fair values, a number of inputs are used. To increase consistency and comparability in the financial statements, these inputs are categorised into three levels, also known as the fair value hierarchy. The levels are as follows:

• Level 1 – quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
• Level 2 – valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable; and
• Level 3 – valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For those assets and liabilities for which fair values are determined, the following disclosures are provided:

• carrying amount and the fair value (which would be the same for those assets measured at fair value);
• which level of the fair value hierarchy was used to determine the fair value in respect of those assets and liabilities subject to fair value determination using Level 3 inputs; and
• a reconciliation of the movements in fair values from the beginning of the year to the end.

Right-of-use assets are measured at fair value using level 3 valuation techniques, noting that the carrying amount is equal to the fair value. The carrying amount and fair value are equal due to the assets being depreciated to represent their current replacement cost.

For disclosures in connection with fair value determination and movements for financial instruments refer note 7.1 and for non-financial physical assets refer note 3.1.1.

7.1 Fair value determination of financial assets and liabilities

STC currently holds the following financial instruments that are recorded in the financial statements where the carrying amounts are approximate to fair value, due to their short-term nature or with the expectation that they will be paid in full by the end of the next reporting period. In addition to the above, the carrying value of Service Concession Liabilities approximates fair value because it represents the net value of construction works and costs performed by Project Co less any Construction Contributions made by NELSTC.

Where the fair value of the financial instruments is different from the carrying amounts, the following information has been included to disclose the difference.

7.2 Fair value determination of non-financial physical assets

Leasehold improvements and plant, equipment and vehicles

Leasehold improvements and plant, equipment and vehicles are held at fair value and classified at level 3. For a reconciliation of level 3 fair value movements, refer note 3.1.1.

When plant and equipment is specialised in use, such that it is rarely sold other than as part of a going concern, fair value is determined using the current replacement cost method.

Vehicles are valued using the current replacement cost method. STC acquires new vehicles and at times disposes of them before the end of their economic life. The process of acquisition, use and disposal in the market is managed by experienced fleet managers who set relevant depreciation rates during use to reflect the utilisation of the vehicles.

There were no changes in valuation techniques throughout the period to 30 June 2025. For all assets measured at fair value, the current use is considered the highest and best use.

08 Contingent assets and contingent liabilities

Contingent assets and contingent liabilities are not recognised in the balance sheet but are disclosed and, if quantifiable, are measured at nominal value.

STC held no contingent assets or contingent liabilities as of 30 June 2025 (30 June 2024: nil).

09 Other disclosures

Introduction

This section includes additional material disclosures required by accounting standards or otherwise, for the understanding of this financial report.

9.1 Responsible Persons

In accordance with the Ministerial Directions issued by the Minister for Finance under the FMA, the following disclosures are made regarding responsible persons for the reporting period.

Names

The persons who held the positions of Ministers and Responsible Persons in STC are as follows

9.1.1 Remuneration of Responsible Persons

The compensation detailed below excludes the salaries and benefits the Portfolio Ministers receive. Minister’s remuneration and allowances is set by the Parliamentary Salaries and Superannuation Act 1968 and is reported within the State's Annual Financial Report.

9.2 Remuneration of executive officers

During the year, 1 July 2024 ending 30 June 2025, STC engaged seven executive officers either via secondment or direct contract.

Short-term employee benefits include amounts such as wages, salaries, annual leave or sick leave that are usually paid or payable on a regular basis, as well as non-monetary benefits such as allowances and free or subsidised goods or services.

Post-employment benefits include pensions and other retirement benefits paid or payable on a discrete basis when employment has ceased.

Other long-term benefits include long service leave, other long service benefits or deferred compensation.

Termination benefits include termination of employment payments, such as severance packages.

Notes:
(a) The total number of executive officers includes persons who meet the definition of Key Management Personnel (KMPs) of STC under AASB 124 Related Party Disclosures (AASB 124) and are also reported within the related parties note disclosures (refer to Note 9.3).
(b) Annualised employee equivalent is based on the time fraction worked over the reporting period.
(c) Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated before normal retirement date or expiry of the contract.

9.3 Related parties

STC is a wholly owned and controlled entity of the Victorian Government.

Related parties of STC include:

• all key management personnels (KMPs) and their close family members and personal business interests (controlled entities, joint ventures, and entities they have significant influence over);
• all Cabinet Ministers and their close family members; and
• all public sector entities that are controlled and consolidated into the whole of State consolidated financial statements. All related party transactions have been entered into on an arm’s length basis.

9.3.1 Significant transactions with government-related entities

During the financial year, the following aggregate transactions were undertaken, and balances held with other Victorian Government controlled entities. These transactions were undertaken in the ordinary course of operations.

Key management personnel of STC include the named responsible persons as disclosed in note 9.1 and members of the senior executive team as disclosed in note 9.2.

9.3.2 Remuneration of Key Management Personnel Key

Management Personnel of STC include the named Responsible Persons as disclosed in note 9.1, and members of the Senior Executive Team, which includes:

Notes:
(a) The Director, People and Corporate Services position role scope focusses on people and organisational development activities.

The compensation detailed below excludes the salaries and benefits the Portfolio Ministers receives. The Minister’s remuneration and allowances is set by the Parliamentary Salaries and Superannuation Act 1968 and is reported within the State's Annual Financial Report.

Notes:
(a) KMPs are also reported in the disclosure of remuneration of executive officers (Note 9.2).
(b) Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated before normal retirement date or expiry of the contract.

9.3.3 Transactions and balances with Key Management Personnel and other related parties

Given the breadth and depth of the Victorian Government activities, related parties transact with the Victorian public sector in a manner consistent with other members of the public, e.g., stamp duty and other government fees and charges. Further employment of processes within the Victorian public sector occurs on terms and conditions consistent with the Public Administration Act 2004 and Codes of Conduct and Standards issued by the Victorian Public Sector Commission. Procurement processes occur on terms and conditions consistent with the Victorian Government Purchasing Board requirements.

Outside of normal citizen type transactions with STC, there were no related party transactions that involved key management personnel, their close family members, and their personal business interests. No provision has been required, nor any expense recognised, for impairment of receivables from related parties.

9.4 Remuneration of auditors

Audit fees paid or payable to the Victorian Auditor-General’s Office for the audit of the financial statements are outlined in the table below.

9.5 Subsequent events

The policy in connection with recognising subsequent events that are for events that occur between the end of the reporting period and the date when the financial statements are authorised for issue is as follows:

• adjustments are made to amounts recognised in the financial statements where those events provide information about conditions that existed at the reporting date; and
• disclosure is made where the events relate to conditions that arose after the end of the reporting period that are of material interest.

No event has arisen since 30 June 2025 that has significantly affected or may significantly affect the operations, or results, or state of affairs of STC.

9.6 Other accounting policies

Contributions by owners

Consistent with the requirements of AASB 1004 Contributions, contributions by owners (that is, contributed capital and its repayment) are treated as equity transactions and, therefore, do not form part of the income and expenses of STC.

Additions to net assets that have been designated as contributions by owners are recognised as contributed capital. Other transfers that are contributions to or distributions by owners have also been designated as contributions by owners.

Transfers of net assets arising from administrative restructurings are treated as distributions to or contributions by owners. Transfers of net liabilities arising from administrative restructurings are treated as distributions to owners

Foreign currency transactions

All foreign currency transactions during the financial year are brought to account using the exchange rate in effect at the date of the transaction. Foreign monetary items existing at the end of the reporting period are translated at the closing rate at the date of the end of the reporting period. Non-monetary assets carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined.

Foreign currency translation differences are recognised in other economic flows in the consolidated comprehensive operating statement and accumulated in a separate component of equity, in the period in which they arise.

Accounting for GST

Income, expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of associated GST, except where GST incurred is not recoverable from the taxation authority. In this case, the GST payable is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense.

Receivables and payables are stated inclusive of the amount of GST receivable or payable. The net amount of GST recoverable from or payable to the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) is included with other receivables or payables in the balance sheet.

Cash flows are presented on a gross basis.

Commitments are also stated inclusive of GST.

Australian Accounting Standards issued that are not yet effective

Minor amendments to the accounting standards have been issued that apply to future reporting periods. These accounting standards have not been applied to the STC Financial Statements. STC, in conjunction with the Victorian Government, is reviewing its existing policies and assessing the potential implications of these accounting standards, however, they are not expected to have any significant impact on the financial statements in the period of initial application for instance, Australian Sustainability Reporting Standards - AASB S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information and AASB S2 Climate-related Disclosures.

Ex-gratia expenses

Ex-gratia expenses are the voluntary payment of money or other non-monetary benefit - for example, a write off - that is not made either to acquire goods, services or other benefits for the entity or to meet a legal liability, or to settle or resolve a possible legal liability or claim against the entity.

STC does not in its normal course of business make ex-gratia payments and is governed by the DTP Ex-Gratia Payment policy to ensure that these payments (if required) are highly regulated.

STC had no ex-gratia expenses in the financial year ended 30 June 2025